Reproductive system

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The reproductive system consists of organs involved in reproduction and development or allow for the production of offspring.. It includes the following major parts:

Male:

• Testes: The testes produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.
• Penis: The penis is used for sexual intercourse and expelling semen.
• Prostate gland: The prostate gland produces fluid that helps carry sperm.
• Vas deferens: The vas deferens transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Female:

• Ovaries: The ovaries produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
• Uterus: The uterus is where the fetus develops during pregnancy.
• Fallopian tubes: The fallopian tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
• Vagina: The vagina receives sperm during intercourse and transports a baby during childbirth.

Common:

• Gonads: The sex organs (testes in males and ovaries in females) which produce sperm and eggs respectively, and secrete sex hormones.
• Sex hormone: Hormones such as estrogen in females and testosterone in males regulate development of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

The main functions of the reproductive system include:

• Production of gametes (eggs and sperm): The ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes in females and males respectively. Sperm production is continuous, whereas egg production is cyclic.
• Fertilization: Joining of a sperm and egg to form a zygote. It typically occurs in the fallopian tubes in females and leads to formation of a new diploid cell.
• Development of fetus: The zygote divides and grows into an embryo in the uterus. The embryo develops all the features of an adult organism.
• Childbirth: Delivery of the baby from the uterus to the outside world through the vagina.
• Hormone production: The sex hormones are involved in development and regulation of the reproductive system. They are essential for puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy.
• Sexual maturation: The hormones bring about changes that transform a girl into a woman and a boy into a man. This includes development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
• Menstruation: Shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy has not occurred. In females, menstruation marks the beginning of a new reproductive cycle.
• Sexual arousal and intercourse: Sensations of sexual arousal originate from the nervous system but the genitals are essential for intercourse. Ejaculation in males and orgasm in both males and females are pleasurable consequences of intercourse that promote reproduction.

The reproductive system works with the endocrine system to regulate reproduction through the production of hormones. Its primary function is to produce offspring through sexual reproduction. Disorders of the reproductive system can lead to infertility, menstrual problems, and other issues.

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Transcript:-
The human reproductive system includes the organs that help in the process of reproduction and the bearing of offspring. The gonads are the actual reproductive organs and include testes in males and ovaries In females, the male reproductive organs include the testes, ducks, epi MOUs, vast DefenS or ductus DefenS, ejaculator ducks and urethra accessory gland.

Seminal vesicles, prostate albo, urethral glands, or carpers glands and the penis. The penis is the male organ of copulation that serves to introduce the semen into the genital passage vagina of women. Besides helping and expelling the urine into the exterior via the urethra that passes through it, the penis contains three distinct tracts of erectile tissue.

The two Corra OSA and a smaller CorpU spongiosum, which surrounds the urethra at the distal end, the corpus spongiosum becomes enlarged, forming the gland's penis. The tissue of the three corra is composed of large Venus sinuses, which are devoid of blood when the penis is flacid, but become dilated and engorged with blood during erect.

The testes or testicles are two small flattened, oval-shaped glands, which are situated in a muscular membranes pouch called the scrotum, and are suspended by the spermatic cords. The testes develop in the peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity near the kidneys, and during the seventh to ninth month of fetal.

The testes descend from the peritoneal cavity to the scrotal sac through the inguinal canal, where they finally situate. The testis has an outer fibrous coat. The tunica albu enclosing the gland having a number of pyramid shaped loles. Each lole is composed of several seminiferous tubules between them are present interstitial cells of lighting that produce the male sex hormone.

The production of mature sperm cells by the seminiferous tubules is referred to as spermatogenesis. The seminiferous tubules unite to form a series of ducts called vasa, ef, or efferent ductules, which form convoluted tubes that extend into the epididymus, lying on top of the testes, a single duct vast deference arising from the tail of epi.

Unites with the duct of salmon or vesicle accessory gland to form the ejaculator duct that empties into the urethra. There are two ejaculatory ducts, one each arising from each testes. The fluids secreted by the accessory glands empties into the urethra. The fluid lubricates, the urethra, nourishes and activates the spermatozoa and functions as a transport medium for sperm.

The paired seminal vesicles are sac glands located posterior to the urinary bladder and secrete the seminal fluid. The excretory duct of seminal vesicle joins with the vast deference to form the ejaculatory duct, which eventually empties into the urethra. The fluid secreted by the prostate gland located inferior to the bladder empties into the prosthetic urethra by numerous.

It enhances the motility of sperms, a pair of bbo urethral glands or CalPERS glands located near the base of the penis secret. A fluid for lubricating the urethra. The short duct of the CalPERS gland empties into the proximal end of the penile urethra. The female reproductive organs are anatomically divided into the external and the internal organ.

The external organs are composed of the labia majora and menorah, the clitoris, the hymen, the MIUs urine areas, or the external opening of the urethra, the Volvo vaginal glands, and the mucus and sebaceous glands that are distributed in the mucus membrane covering these parts. The labia menorah, also known as the inner labia or NiFi, are two flaps of skin present on either side of the vaginal opening.

These are surrounded by the labia major. The clitoris is a small erectile organ, homology with the penis and undergoes erection during orgasm. The hymen is a thin fold of mucus membrane guarding the opening of the vagina. The Volvo vaginal glands refer to the barlins glands present on either side of the vaginal opening.

These glands secrete small amounts of fluid that lubricate and keep the inner labia moist. The internal organs consist of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The the vagina is a highly expandable muscular tube, which receives the male organ or penis during copulation. And also acts as the birth canal.

It extends from the vestibule to the uterus. The uterus or womb is a pear-shaped muscular structure located in the lower abdominal region. It consists of the body and the cervix. The embryo formed after fertilization develops inside the uterus. The cervix has a cervical canal, which leads into the cavity of the uter.

The fallopian tubes or AVI ducts are present on either side of the uterus. The last portion of the fallopian tube infundibulum ends with finger-like projections called thiry. The fallopian tube is attached to the ovary by a ligament, and its main function is to capture the egg released by the ov. There are two ovaries placed in the lower abdomen of a woman, which are homologies with the testes of man.

The ovaries begin producing mature reproductive cells or over with the beginning of puberty. One mature ovum or egg develops from a primordial follicle approximately every 28 to 30 days. Each primordial follicle consists of an oy surrounded by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells under the influence of the follicle stimulating hormone, F S H, which is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the development of the mature egg pathogenesis, and a mature graph follicle or ovarian follicle begin

The graph follicle on maturation ruptures discharging the ovum into the uterine tube during the process called ovulation, which usually takes place approximately midway between the menstrual cycle 14 days prior to the next expected menses. The mammary glands are the accessory organs of the female reproductive system that produce milk and are located in the breast.

The breasts enlarge during puberty and later again during pregnancy. They have nipples surrounded by a circular, dark, pigmented area called the arula. Each breast is made up of a glandular tissue, connective tissue, and fat. The glandular tissue or mammary glands consist of 15 to 20 lobes arranged around the nip.

Each lobe is made of smaller lobules capable of producing milk after childbirth. A network of ducks carries the milk from the lobules to the nipple. Fat fills the spaces between the lobules and the ducks and accounts for nearly 80% of the breast during the reproductive years. A mature haplo male sex L or sperm or sperm.

Fertilizes, a mature haploid female sex cell or ovum or egg to form a deployed fusion cell called the zygote. The tiny zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions and cell differentiation, and ultimately develops into a multimillion celled human embryo. The sperm is a highly specialized sex cell, which is about 60 microns long with a paternal set and equals 23 of chromosome.

The mature sperm has three parts, the head, the middle piece, and the tail. The head is more or less pear shaped, containing the nucleus and the acrosome. The acrosome contains enzymes necessary to penetrate the egg during fertilization. The middle piece has a proximal and a distal cental, and the axial Fila.

Which is surrounded by the mitochondrial helix Neen Kern, which supplies energy for the movement of the tail. The tail is about 55 microns long, vibrant tile and responsible for the movement of the sperm. The axial filament runs the entire length of the tail. The ovum is about nor 0.1 of a millimeter in diameter when it is released from the ov.

The ovum develops and matures in the ovarian follicles called graafian follicles found in the ovary. The mature ovum has the nucleus containing the maternal set and equals 23 of chromosomes. The ovum has a thin membrane called olima, which is surrounded by the thick, transparent membrane called Zpa Lucida

Surrounding the Zpa Lucida is the Corona radi. The ovum has a very little amount of yoke, which is uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm, hence is described as secondarily, micro lesal or hoes athal. The ovulation generally takes place on the 14th day of the 28 day menstrual cycle. The fertilization is preceded by sexual intercourse or c.

During ejaculation, about 100 to 200 million sperms are introduced into the vagina of a woman in three to four milliliters of semen. These motel sperms passed through the Lumina the uterus, and finally reached the upper part of the fallopian tube. The ovum after ovulation also reaches the upper part of the Philippian.

Many sperms move towards the ovum, but ultimately, a single sperm succeeds in penetrating the ovum. Thus the fertilization is affected. The union of the egg nucleus, female pro nucleus, and the sperm nucleus male, pro nucleus is called amfi mixes, and the single fusion cell is called the zygote as a result of fertil.

The deployed number to n equals 46 of chromosomes is restored immediately after fertilization. Cleavage starts, and the fertilized egg slowly begins its journey to the womb, uterus, the moula, a solid ball of Blairs, is formed as a result of cleavage. The MO transforms into a blasty, which reaches the uterus on the seventh day after fertilization.

The blast assist attaches to the inner wall of the uterus or uterine end endometrium, and this process is called implantation, which marks the beginning of pregnancy. The period of pregnancy, or the gestation period lasts for 273 days and is calculated from the time of conception as development progresses the embryo or fetus projects into the uterine cavity.

Special membranes called extra embryonic membranes or fetal membranes. Develop inquest association with the fetus to carry out specific functions during development. The fetal membranes are yoke sac, amnion, corion, and alanis. The opposition of the fetal membranes with the uterine membranes of the mother leads to the formation of placenta for the physiological interchange between the mother and the fe.

The birth of the baby is called parti, and the expected date of delivery is calculated by adding 280 days from the first day of the last menstrual period pregnancy month. The anatomy and functions of the male and systems, their respective organs, associated glands, fertilization, and development of an embryo were skillfully explained through these animation videos, which helped the basic understanding of the functioning of this important system of the human body.